CRISPR-powered home test detects cancer, HIV; costs less than $1

MIT researchers have developed an inexpensive, durable DNA-based sensor that uses CRISPR technology to detect diseases such as cancer and HIV at home for under $1. The sensor operates by employing a CRISPR-associated enzyme, Cas12, which, upon recognizing a target genetic sequence like a cancer biomarker or viral DNA, activates and cleaves nearby DNA strands on the sensor’s electrode. This cleavage alters the electrical signal, allowing disease detection via a handheld device. A key innovation is a polymer coating made from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) that protects the DNA on the sensor, enabling it to remain stable and functional for up to two months even under high temperatures (up to 150°F), overcoming previous limitations that required refrigeration and fresh preparation. The sensor consists of a gold leaf electrode laminated onto plastic, with DNA anchored by a sulfur-based molecule, and can analyze various sample types including urine, saliva, and nasal swabs. The technology has successfully detected PCA3, a prostate cancer biomarker