Electrification Won’t Crash On Copper: Debunking Latest Claims - CleanTechnica

The April 2025 paper by Cathles et al., which has gained traction in industry and policy discussions, claims that global copper supply will severely constrain electrification and renewable energy deployment. However, this CleanTechnica article critically examines these assertions and finds them significantly flawed. The paper overestimates copper requirements for energy storage by at least a factor of 100 and also inflates copper needs for electric vehicles (EVs). It neglects important factors such as copper substitution with aluminum and other materials, the rise of zero-copper sodium-ion batteries, and underestimates the impact of copper recycling. Consequently, its conclusions about copper shortages and the need for extensive new mining are deemed not credible. Specifically, the authors assume an unrealistically high copper content of 80 kg per EV, whereas industry trends and innovations suggest much lower usage—potentially as low as 20 to 30 kg per vehicle. Advances such as higher-voltage architectures (800V+), aluminum wiring (already used by