Flying squirrels' scaly tails inspire next-gen bionic robots, drones

Researchers at Empa in Switzerland, in collaboration with the Max Planck Institute in Germany, have studied the unique tail mechanics of African scaly-tailed squirrels to inspire the development of next-generation bionic robots and drones. These squirrels possess thorn-covered scales on the underside of their tails, which provide exceptional grip and stability when clinging to smooth or uneven tree bark. While biologists had long suspected the scales aid in climbing, this study is the first to scientifically test and confirm their role in preventing slipping and enhancing stability. The research team used a combination of analytical models and physical replicas, including 3D-printed artificial squirrels with scaled tails and claws, to experimentally validate how these tail spines contribute to secure perching. Moving forward, the team plans to incorporate dynamic movement into their models to better understand how the scaly tail absorbs impact and stabilizes the squirrels during rapid or emergency landings, such as when evading predators mid-glide. Ultimately, these insights into natural locomotion could inform