High-energy rocket fuel breakthrough boasts lighter, longer flights

Researchers at the University at Albany have synthesized a novel high-energy compound, manganese diboride (MnB2), which shows significant promise for improving rocket fuel efficiency. MnB2 releases over 20% more energy by weight and 150% more by volume compared to aluminum, the current standard in solid rocket fuels. This enhanced energy density means rockets could use less fuel to achieve the same performance, allowing for lighter payloads and more space for mission-critical equipment. Importantly, MnB2 only combusts upon contact with an ignition agents like kerosene, offering controlled and efficient fuel use. The synthesis of MnB2 was achieved using an arc melter to heat pressed manganese and boron powders to approximately 3,000°C, followed by rapid cooling to lock in a unique atomic structure. This structure features a central manganese atom bonded in a highly strained, crowded configuration, akin to a tightly coiled spring storing potential energy. Computational modeling further revealed a subtle deformation in the compound’s hexagonal