How Much Energy Does AI Use? The People Who Know Aren’t Saying

The article discusses the opaque nature of energy consumption data related to AI, particularly large language models like ChatGPT. OpenAI CEO Sam Altman claimed that an average ChatGPT query uses about 0.34 watt-hours of energy, roughly equivalent to a high-efficiency lightbulb running for a couple of minutes. However, experts criticize this figure for lacking transparency and context, such as whether it includes energy used for training models, server cooling, or image generation. OpenAI has not provided detailed disclosures explaining how this number was calculated, leading to skepticism among researchers like Sasha Luccioni from Hugging Face, who emphasizes the need for more comprehensive environmental transparency in AI. The article highlights a broader issue: most AI models in use today do not disclose their environmental impact, with 84% of large language model traffic in May 2025 coming from models with zero environmental disclosure. This lack of transparency hampers efforts to accurately assess AI’s carbon footprint, especially as AI usage grows rapidly. Misleading