New quantum phonon interference sets stage for next-gen sensors

Researchers at Rice University have demonstrated a groundbreaking advancement in phonon interference, achieving interference effects two orders of magnitude stronger than previously observed. By intercalating a few layers of silver atoms between graphene and a silicon carbide substrate—a process called confinement heteroepitaxy—they created a unique two-dimensional metal interface that enhances vibrational mode interactions in silicon carbide. This strong phonon interference, characterized by Fano resonance patterns detected via Raman spectroscopy, reveals highly sensitive vibrational signals that can distinguish even single dye molecules on the surface, enabling label-free single-molecule detection with a simple, scalable setup. This discovery marks a significant step in harnessing phonons—quantum units of vibration that carry heat and sound—as effective carriers of quantum information, comparable to electrons and photons. Unlike bulk metals, the atomically thin 2D metal layer produces unique quantum interference pathways purely from phonon interactions, without electronic contributions. The findings open new avenues for phonon-based quantum sensing, molecular detection, energy harvesting, and