Retiring coal plants could host China’s advanced nuclear reactors

China is pursuing an innovative "Coal to Nuclear" (C2N) strategy that aims to convert retiring coal-fired power plants into sites for advanced nuclear reactors. This approach leverages existing infrastructure such as grid connections and water access, particularly in coastal regions, to accelerate the transition to clean energy amid land scarcity and decarbonization goals. China’s vast coal capacity—over 1.19 terawatts, with about 100 gigawatts expected to retire by 2030—makes this strategy uniquely feasible. The initiative focuses on deploying fourth-generation reactors like high-temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs) and molten salt thorium reactors, which produce hotter steam compatible with coal turbines and have enhanced safety features, including meltdown resistance without active cooling. These advanced reactors require smaller safety zones and less water than traditional nuclear plants, making them suitable for repurposing coal plant sites. China already operates demonstration HTGRs and experimental molten salt reactors, with plans for larger-scale deployment. The C