Robots explore lunar caves using advanced autonomous descent system

Scientists have successfully tested autonomous robots exploring lava tubes in a volcanic cave on Lanzarote, chosen for its similarity to underground structures on Mars and the moon. These natural lava tubes, formed by flowing lava that leaves hollow tunnels, are considered promising sites for future extraterrestrial exploration because they could shield astronauts from extreme temperatures, radiation, and meteorite impacts, as well as potentially harbor microbial life. The 21-day field trials involved two rovers collaboratively mapping the cave entrance, deploying a sensor-laden cube to create a 3D model, and performing a coordinated descent into the cave, with the smaller rover detaching to travel 235 meters while building a 3D map of the tunnel. The experiments demonstrated the feasibility of robotic cooperation and 3D mapping in dark, confined environments, though challenges remain. Moisture affected ground-penetrating radar accuracy, some sensors experienced interference, and autonomous navigation without human intervention still requires more advanced algorithms and reliable inter-robot communication. Despite these hurdles, the