Scientists test detector to help spacecraft dodge orbital debris

Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) has developed and successfully tested a new micrometeoroid and orbital debris (MMOD) detection and characterization system designed to help spacecraft detect and respond to collisions with space debris. The system, which can be mounted externally or integrated into spacecraft, uses sensors combined with structural elements to record impact events and analyze debris speed, size, and material composition. This capability allows spacecraft operators to receive early warnings of impacts—even those causing no visible damage—enabling better damage assessment and informing future spacecraft design improvements. To validate the system, SwRI researchers used a light gas gun to simulate high-velocity debris impacts in a vacuum chamber, replicating realistic orbital collision conditions. The tests confirmed the device’s ability to detect impact timing, location, and debris characteristics accurately. Beyond individual spacecraft protection, the technology could contribute to an early-warning network where satellites share impact data, potentially allowing nearby spacecraft to maneuver and avoid further collisions. SwRI aims to further develop the system for space