UK's new built-in sensors may help prevent EV battery blasts, fires

Researchers at the University of Surrey in the UK have developed new smart sensors embedded directly within lithium-ion batteries to detect and prevent fires caused by thermal runaway. Unlike conventional external sensors, these built-in sensors monitor critical parameters such as temperature, pressure, stress, and chemical changes in real-time from inside key battery components like current collectors and separators. They not only provide faster and more accurate readings but also actively respond to overheating by using fire-resistant materials to slow down temperature rise, aiming to stop battery fires before they start. This innovation addresses a significant safety challenge as lithium-ion batteries, essential for electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy storage, can overheat during charging and discharging, potentially leading to explosions and fires. With the UK planning to ban new petrol and diesel car sales by 2035, improving EV battery safety is crucial. The sensors could extend battery lifespan by protecting against heat damage, thereby enhancing both safety and sustainability without compromising performance. The University of Surrey team has filed patents and seeks industrial