What Tesla’s Optimus robot can do in 2025 and where it still lags

Tesla aims to produce 5,000 Optimus humanoid robots by 2025, positioning the robot as central to its future under the vision of integrating AI into the physical world. CEO Elon Musk has claimed that 80% of Tesla’s future value will derive from Optimus and related AI ventures, signaling a shift from purely an automaker to a “physical AI” platform. Demonstrations through 2024 and 2025 have shown Optimus performing basic locomotion with improved heel-to-toe walking, simple household chores like sweeping and trash removal, and basic manipulation tasks such as handling car parts. These capabilities are enabled by a unified control policy—a single neural network trained using vision-based inputs and human video data—which Tesla highlights as a scalable approach to skill acquisition. However, Optimus’s current functionality is largely limited to structured or lightly staged environments with known objects and controlled lighting, lacking robust autonomy in unstructured homes or fully operational industrial settings. While the robot shows smoother full-body coordination and